{"title":"Calcium Signaling","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCalcium Signaling\u003c\/strong\u003e — menghimpun senyawa yang berperan dalam jalur pensinyalan kalsium intraseluler, mencakup penghambat kanal kalsium, agen pengikat\/pelacak ion kalsium, dan modulator pelepasan kalsium dari retikulum sarkoplasma maupun endoplasma. Kategori ini berfungsi sebagai kumpulan alat riset untuk mempelajari homeostasis kalsium seluler dan neurosains.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDipakai peneliti neurosains dan farmakologi untuk mempelajari mekanisme kontraksi otot, transmisi sinyal saraf, dan pensinyalan seluler yang bergantung kalsium. Mencakup indikator fluoresen turunan BAPTA untuk pencitraan kalsium intraseluler, serta senyawa acuan untuk riset kanal kalsium tipe-L dan reseptor ryanodine pada model eksperimen jaringan otot dan saraf.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eContoh produk dalam koleksi ini: \u003ca href=\"\/en\/products\/tci2510z002656856\"\u003eTCI Z0026 68291-97-4 Zonisamide\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/en\/products\/tci2510c256417361\"\u003eTCI C2564 132203-70-4 Cilnidipine\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/en\/products\/tci2510v011856537\"\u003eTCI V0118 152-11-4 Verapamil Hydrochloride\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/en\/products\/tci2510d028119649\"\u003eTCI D0281 524-95-8 2-Aminoethyl Diphenylborinate\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/en\/products\/tci2510t284554315\"\u003eTCI T2845 126150-97-8 Tetrakis(acetoxymethyl) 1,2-Bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/en\/products\/tci2510d366224009\"\u003eTCI D3662 33286-22-5 (+)-cis-Diltiazem Hydrochloride\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/en\/products\/tci2510t284454313\"\u003eTCI T2844 126824-24-6 Tetrasodium 1,2-Bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/en\/products\/tci2510d399624448\"\u003eTCI D3996 14663-23-1 Dantrolene Sodium Salt Hydrate\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePerhatikan bentuk garam (hidroklorida, hidrat) dan kemurnian enansiomer\/isomer, misalnya bentuk (+)-cis, karena aktivitas pada target kanal kalsium dapat sangat bergantung pada konfigurasi stereokimia. Seluruh produk merupakan produk asli Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI) Jepang, dengan kemurnian, kemasan, dan kondisi penyimpanan tercantum pada halaman masing-masing item.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKategori lain yang sejajar di bawah Cell Signaling and Neuroscience, sering dipakai bersamaan dalam satu alur kerja laboratorium:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/en\/collections\/tci-l4-cytokines-growth-factors-and-hormones\"\u003eCytokines, Growth Factors and Hormones\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/en\/collections\/tci-l4-kinase-phosphatase-biology\"\u003eKinase\/Phosphatase Biology\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/en\/collections\/tci-l4-neuroscience\"\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/en\/collections\/tci-l4-oxidative-stress\"\u003eOxidative Stress\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/en\/collections\/tci-l4-lipids-in-cell-signaling\"\u003eLipids in Cell Signaling\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eKembali ke \u003ca href=\"\/en\/collections\/tci-l3-cell-signaling-and-neuroscience\"\u003eCell Signaling and Neuroscience\u003c\/a\u003e. Untuk pengadaan volume besar, kemasan khusus, atau grade tertentu, hubungi tim AMI Scientific — distributor resmi TCI Japan di Indonesia — untuk pengecekan ketersediaan dan lead time langsung ke Jepang.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"tci2510d366224009","title":"TCI D3662 33286-22-5 (+)-cis-Diltiazem Hydrochloride","description":"\u003ch3\u003eDescription\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTCI D3662 (+)-cis-Diltiazem Hydrochloride is a pharmaceutical research reagent belonging to the benzothiazepine class, widely recognised as an L-type calcium channel blocker. The compound is supplied as the hydrochloride salt, a form that makes it easier to weigh, dissolve, and handle at laboratory scale. On the researcher's bench, this material serves as a test substance and reference compound for studying calcium ion transport mechanisms, vascular smooth muscle responses, and the behaviour of cardiac tissue in experimental models. Because its stereochemical identity is clearly defined — the cis isomer with the (+) configuration — the reagent is important for studies that require certainty about the pharmacologically active form rather than an isomer mixture whose results are difficult to interpret.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe characteristics that lead researchers to select this material are its clearly defined stereochemistry and the lot-to-lot quality consistency that distinguishes research-grade reagents. The hydrochloride salt form is generally a crystalline solid that remains stable under reasonable storage conditions, is readily prepared into aqueous stock solutions or solutions in polar solvents, and is well suited to serial dilution for dose-response testing. The specific CAS number simplifies literature searching, method development, and documentation, so that experimental records can be traced back to published work without ambiguity about compound identity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Indonesian laboratories, this reagent is typically used in university pharmacology and biochemistry research settings, in pharmaceutical research units, and in teaching laboratories where mechanistic studies of calcium channel function are carried out. It is normally handled by trained personnel following institutional procedures for research chemicals, prepared as stock solutions for downstream assays, and reserved strictly for experimental use rather than any clinical, diagnostic, or therapeutic application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLaboratory Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCalcium channel mechanism studies — as a defined L-type channel blocker, it provides a pharmacologically characterised tool for probing calcium ion transport pathways in experimental preparations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVascular smooth muscle response experiments — the compound is used as a test substance to examine how smooth muscle tissue responds to calcium channel inhibition under controlled laboratory conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCardiac tissue behaviour models — researchers apply it in experimental cardiac models where a well-defined benzothiazepine calcium channel blocker is required for interpreting tissue responses.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReference and comparison compound work — its clearly stated stereochemistry and specific CAS number make it suitable as a comparator against which other test compounds are evaluated.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDose-response assay development — the hydrochloride salt dissolves readily in aqueous and polar solvents, making it convenient for preparing stock solutions and serial dilutions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBrand: TCI\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCAS number: 33286-22-5\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCategory: Life Science \u0026gt; Biochemicals and Reagents \u0026gt; Pharmaceutical Research Reagents (for Experimental Use)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePack sizes: available in the manufacturer's standard research-scale packaging options\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhysical form: hydrochloride salt, generally a crystalline solid\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStorage: stable under reasonable storage conditions; follow the manufacturer's stated storage recommendations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHandling and Storage\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStore the reagent in its original tightly closed container, kept in a cool, dry place away from moisture, direct sunlight, and sources of heat, and follow the storage conditions stated by the manufacturer on the product label. Use clean, dry glass or chemically compatible containers for stock solutions, and label them with the compound name, CAS number, concentration, solvent, and preparation date. Handle the powder in a well-ventilated area or fume hood to avoid inhaling dust, and wear a laboratory coat, gloves, and safety glasses. Weigh and transfer with dedicated clean spatulas to prevent cross-contamination. This material is intended for experimental laboratory use only and should be handled by trained personnel in accordance with institutional safety procedures and the manufacturer's safety data sheet.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"TCI","offers":[{"title":"5g","offer_id":48086631907546,"sku":"TCI2510D366224009","price":2503000.0,"currency_code":"IDR","in_stock":true},{"title":"25g","offer_id":48086631940314,"sku":"TCI2510D366224010","price":7562000.0,"currency_code":"IDR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0756\/7156\/8602\/files\/TCI2510D3662.jpg?v=1769180619"},{"product_id":"tci2510d399624448","title":"TCI D3996 14663-23-1 Dantrolene Sodium Salt Hydrate","description":"\u003ch3\u003eDescription\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTCI D3996 Dantrolene Sodium Salt Hydrate (CAS 14663-23-1) is the hydrated sodium salt form of dantrolene, a hydantoin-derived compound widely recognised in the study of muscle physiology and intracellular calcium signalling. In the laboratory it serves as a pharmaceutical research reagent intended for experimental use only: researchers employ it to examine calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, particularly release mediated by the ryanodine receptor. Its presence in an assay system helps clarify the mechanisms of muscle contraction, disturbances of calcium homeostasis, and the cellular pathways associated with calcium stress.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe properties that make this material a preferred reagent begin with its relatively specific action on the calcium release pathway, which allows investigators to probe that route without broadly perturbing unrelated cellular processes. Equally important is the sodium salt form, which is considerably easier to dissolve than the neutral base form of the compound. Improved solubility in aqueous media and in mixtures with dimethyl sulfoxide is a genuine practical advantage when preparing stock solutions for cell culture assays, isolated tissue experiments, and calcium fluorescence measurements. The water of crystallisation present in the hydrate form contributes solid-state stability under ordinary storage conditions, which supports consistent handling across a series of experiments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Indonesian laboratories, this reagent is typically encountered in university and institutional research settings where muscle physiology, calcium signalling, and pharmacological mechanisms are investigated. It is generally used at the bench for preparing stock solutions that feed into cell culture work, isolated tissue preparations, and fluorescence-based calcium measurements. Because it is supplied as a pharmaceutical research reagent for experimental purposes, it belongs in research and teaching laboratories rather than in any clinical or therapeutic workflow.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLaboratory Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release studies — the compound acts on the release pathway from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, making it a direct experimental tool for probing how stored calcium is mobilised.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRyanodine receptor research — because its action is mediated through the ryanodine receptor, it allows investigators to interrogate that specific channel in mechanistic studies of calcium handling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMuscle contraction mechanism investigations — its established role in muscle physiology research makes it suitable for experiments designed to explain how contraction is initiated and regulated at the cellular level.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCalcium homeostasis and calcium stress pathway work — researchers use it to examine disturbances of intracellular calcium balance and the cellular pathways that respond to calcium stress conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell culture assays and calcium fluorescence measurements — the soluble sodium salt form dissolves readily enough in aqueous media and DMSO mixtures to prepare stock solutions for fluorescence-based calcium detection.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBrand: TCI\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProduct code: D3996\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCAS number: 14663-23-1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCategory: Life Science \u0026gt; Biochemicals and Reagents \u0026gt; Pharmaceutical Research Reagents (for Experimental Use)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhysical form: solid, supplied as the hydrated sodium salt\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePack sizes: available in TCI catalogue pack sizes; please confirm the size required when ordering\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStorage note: store in a closed container and protect solutions from light\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHandling and Storage\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStore the solid in its original tightly closed container under ordinary storage conditions; the water of crystallisation in the hydrate form supports solid-state stability during normal storage. Because this is a chromophore-bearing compound, solutions should be protected from light to preserve their quality — amber glass vials or containers wrapped in foil are appropriate for prepared stock solutions. Handle the material in a well-ventilated area using standard personal protective equipment, including gloves, safety glasses, and a laboratory coat. Prepare stock solutions in aqueous media or DMSO mixtures immediately before use where practical, keep containers closed when not in use, and follow your institution's general laboratory practice for chemical handling. This product is intended for experimental research use only and is not for clinical, diagnostic, or therapeutic application.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"TCI","offers":[{"title":"1g","offer_id":48086650126554,"sku":"TCI2510D399624448","price":1546000.0,"currency_code":"IDR","in_stock":true},{"title":"5g","offer_id":48086650159322,"sku":"TCI2510D399624449","price":4667000.0,"currency_code":"IDR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0756\/7156\/8602\/files\/TCI2510D3996.jpg?v=1768205014"},{"product_id":"tci2510d642527466","title":"TCI D6425 7261-97-4 Dantrolene","description":"\u003ch3\u003eDescription\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDantrolene is a chemical compound widely used in pharmacological and biochemical research to explore the mechanisms of drug action and their effects on the body. As a research reagent, it plays a crucial role in experimental settings where biological responses to various stimuli need to be analyzed. This compound is commonly found in laboratories focused on drug research, particularly in studies involving drug interactions and their impact on the nervous system. Its stable chemical properties make it suitable for high-precision experimental conditions, ensuring reliable and reproducible results.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDantrolene is preferred due to its molecular structure, which allows for specific interactions with receptors or enzymes. This characteristic makes it an essential tool for evaluating drug effects on cells and tissues, as well as for studying disease mechanisms. Additionally, its resistance to certain chemical conditions simplifies storage and handling, making it a versatile choice for a wide range of experimental applications. Its reliability and consistency contribute to its popularity in both academic and industrial research environments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Indonesian laboratories, Dantrolene is frequently used in pharmaceutical research and biochemical studies. It supports investigations into drug efficacy, toxicity, and therapeutic potential. Its presence in local research facilities underscores its importance in advancing scientific understanding and developing new treatments. The compound's adaptability to various experimental protocols ensures its continued relevance in the scientific community.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLaboratory Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePharmacological research for studying drug mechanisms and interactions with biological systems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiochemical experiments to evaluate drug effects on cellular and tissue responses.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNeuropharmacological studies to investigate the impact of compounds on the nervous system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eToxicological assessments to determine the safety and potential side effects of pharmaceutical agents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDrug development projects requiring precise chemical reagents for experimental validation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBrand: TCI\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCAS number: 7261-97-4\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCategory: Life Science \u0026gt; Biochemicals and Reagents \u0026gt; Pharmaceutical Research Reagents\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePack sizes: Available in standard laboratory quantities as per supplier specifications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhysical form: Solid, typically in powder or crystalline form\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStorage note: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHandling and Storage\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDantrolene should be stored in a cool, dry environment to maintain its chemical stability. It is recommended to keep it in a sealed container to prevent exposure to moisture and air. Suitable containers include glass or high-density polyethylene vessels to avoid chemical reactions. Laboratory personnel should handle the compound with care, using appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves and safety goggles. It is important to ensure that storage areas are well-ventilated to minimize any potential risks associated with handling. Proper labeling and storage practices help maintain the integrity of the compound and ensure safe usage in experimental settings.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"TCI","offers":[{"title":"1g","offer_id":48086806200538,"sku":"TCI2510D642527466","price":4751000.0,"currency_code":"IDR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0756\/7156\/8602\/files\/TCI2510D6425.jpg?v=1768205184"},{"product_id":"tci2510e010627778","title":"TCI E0106 67-42-5 Ethylene Glycol Bis(2-aminoethyl Ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic Acid","description":"\u003ch3\u003eDescription\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthylene Glycol Bis(2-aminoethyl Ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic Acid from TCI, catalogue code E0106, is more commonly known by its abbreviation EGTA. This compound is an aminopolycarboxylic chelating agent that is structurally similar to EDTA but carries a longer ether bridge between its two nitrogen atoms. That structural difference produces a highly distinctive property profile and makes EGTA a key reagent in biochemistry and cell physiology laboratories: it binds calcium ions very strongly while its binding to magnesium is far weaker. EGTA is therefore used to control free calcium levels without simultaneously disturbing the magnesium that many enzymes require.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThat selectivity is the principal characteristic that leads researchers to choose EGTA even though EDTA is cheaper and more readily soluble. In biological experiments magnesium is needed as a cofactor for kinases, polymerases, and many other enzymes, so a chelator that binds both ions at once would shut down the very activity the experiment is meant to observe. EGTA allows researchers to lower free calcium to very low levels, and even to construct calcium buffering systems with controlled values. Users should note that complex stability is a factor to be taken into account when planning such systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Indonesian laboratories, TCI E0106 is used in the same way as in laboratories elsewhere: as a working reagent wherever free calcium must be suppressed or held at a defined level while magnesium-dependent enzyme activity is preserved. It appears in biochemistry, cell physiology, and molecular biology work in university research groups, government research institutes, and analytical and quality control laboratories that prepare buffers and reaction media in-house.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLaboratory Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelective calcium chelation in enzyme assays — EGTA suppresses free calcium while leaving magnesium available as a cofactor, so kinase and polymerase activity continues undisturbed during measurement.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCalcium buffer system preparation — the strong, well-defined calcium binding of EGTA allows researchers to hold free calcium at controlled low concentrations rather than merely removing it entirely.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell physiology studies of calcium signalling — because calcium can be lowered without depleting magnesium, EGTA is suited to experiments that isolate calcium-dependent responses from other ionic effects.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiochemical buffer and reaction medium formulation — EGTA is added to lysis, extraction, and incubation buffers to control calcium-dependent processes while preserving magnesium-requiring enzymatic steps.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral aminopolycarboxylic chelation and complexation work — as an EDTA analogue with a longer ether bridge, EGTA serves where EDTA's non-selective binding of both calcium and magnesium is unacceptable.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBrand: TCI (catalogue code E0106)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCAS number: 67-42-5\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCategory: Chemistry \u0026gt; Synthetic Reagents \u0026gt; Chelation\/Complexation Compounds\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChemical class: aminopolycarboxylic acid chelating agent, structural analogue of EDTA with a longer ether bridge between the two nitrogen atoms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommon abbreviation: EGTA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePack sizes: available in the pack sizes offered by TCI for this catalogue code; please confirm the required size when ordering\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStorage: store in a closed container under the conditions stated on the manufacturer's label and safety data sheet\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHandling and Storage\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStore TCI E0106 in a tightly closed original container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place, protected from moisture and away from incompatible materials, following the conditions stated on the manufacturer's label and safety data sheet. Chemically resistant, clearly labelled containers should be used for any working solutions, and the container should be reclosed promptly after each use to limit moisture uptake. Handle the material in a laboratory setting with appropriate personal protective equipment, including a lab coat, safety glasses, and gloves, and weigh out powder in a way that minimises dust generation. Note that EGTA is less readily soluble than EDTA, which should be taken into account when preparing solutions. Consult the manufacturer's safety data sheet before first use and dispose of residues in accordance with applicable laboratory waste procedures.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"TCI","offers":[{"title":"25g","offer_id":48086818619610,"sku":"TCI2510E010627778","price":3233000.0,"currency_code":"IDR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0756\/7156\/8602\/files\/TCI2510E0106.jpg?v=1769142197"},{"product_id":"tci2510e074628512","title":"TCI E0746 77-67-8 Ethosuximide","description":"\u003ch3\u003eDescription\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTCI E0746 Ethosuximide (CAS 77-67-8) is a succinimide-class compound supplied by Tokyo Chemical Industry as a pharmaceutical research reagent intended for experimental use. Ethosuximide is widely recognised as an anticonvulsant agent that acts on T-type calcium channels in thalamic neurons, and for this reason it has become one of the most important reference compounds in neuropharmacology research, particularly in studies of absence seizures. In the laboratory, this material is used as a comparator compound in in vitro pharmacological assays and in animal studies, as an analytical standard for the development of assay methods, and as a reference material in formulation research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe characteristics that make this compound a researcher's choice centre on its structure and its physicochemical behaviour. The succinimide ring, substituted with ethyl and methyl groups, yields a small, neutral and relatively chemically resistant molecule, so it is easy to handle and stable under ordinary storage conditions. Its small molecular size and moderate polarity allow the compound to dissolve in water to an adequate degree while also being able to cross the blood-brain barrier — the very property that underlies its usefulness in central nervous system research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Indonesian laboratories, this reagent is typically encountered in university pharmacology and pharmacy departments, in research institutes working on neuroscience, and in analytical laboratories developing and validating assay methods. Because it serves as a well-established reference point, it is generally used in comparative experimental work rather than in routine testing, supporting teaching laboratories, thesis and postgraduate research, and method development programmes that require a dependable succinimide standard for experimental purposes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLaboratory Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNeuropharmacology screening studies — serves as an established reference anticonvulsant acting on T-type calcium channels, giving researchers a dependable comparator against which new candidate compounds can be judged.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbsence seizure research models — as one of the most important reference compounds in this specific field, it provides the expected pharmacological response needed to validate an experimental model.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn vitro pharmacological assays — its small, neutral molecular structure and adequate aqueous solubility make it straightforward to prepare and dose in cell-based and tissue-based comparative experiments.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnalytical method development — used as an analytical standard for building and refining assay methods for content determination, where its chemical stability supports reproducible calibration work over time.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFormulation research studies — acts as a reference material in preparation and formulation investigations, since its moderate polarity and chemical resistance let it survive typical processing and handling steps.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBrand: TCI (Tokyo Chemical Industry)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCAS number: 77-67-8\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCatalogue number: E0746\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCategory: Life Science \u0026gt; Biochemicals and Reagents \u0026gt; Pharmaceutical Research Reagents (for Experimental Use)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePack sizes: available in standard TCI research packaging; please confirm the size required when ordering\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStorage: stable under ordinary storage conditions in a closed container\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHandling and Storage\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStore the container tightly closed in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight, moisture and incompatible chemicals. The compound is relatively chemically resistant and stable under ordinary storage conditions, so a well-sealed original container or an amber glass vessel with a chemically resistant closure is normally sufficient. Handle in a well-ventilated area or a fume hood, and wear a laboratory coat, safety glasses and suitable gloves when weighing or preparing solutions. Avoid generating dust, and use clean, dry spatulas and glassware to prevent contamination of the stock. Label all prepared solutions clearly with the compound name, CAS number and preparation date. 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