TCI D5815 (5,6-Difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile is a fluorinated building block that combines an indanone framework with a conjugated malononitrile group and two fluorine atoms on the aromatic ring. This structure serves as an electron-accepting end group of considerable importance in materials chemistry, particularly in the design of non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells. In the laboratory, the compound functions as a terminal reagent that is attached to a donor core through Knoevenagel condensation, giving molecules with the characteristic acceptor–donor–acceptor architecture that defines this class of semiconducting materials.
The property that makes this reagent a preferred choice is its very high electron-withdrawing strength. The combination of the indanone carbonyl group, two nitrile groups, and two fluorine substituents lowers the molecular orbital energy levels significantly, which in practical terms means that light absorption shifts toward longer wavelengths and the open-circuit voltage of a device can be tuned more precisely. The fluorine atoms provide an additional effect by strengthening intermolecular interactions and improving the morphology of the active layer. The active methylene group at position 2 is highly reactive, which allows the condensation step to proceed reliably.
In Indonesian laboratories, this building block is typically used in university and institutional research groups working on organic electronics, photovoltaic materials, and functional dye synthesis. It is generally purchased in small research quantities for the end-capping step of a synthetic route rather than for bulk preparation, and it is handled in a standard synthesis laboratory equipped with a fume hood, inert-atmosphere glassware, and chromatographic purification facilities. Materials characterisation groups also use it when preparing reference compounds for spectroscopic and device-level comparison studies.
- Non-fullerene acceptor synthesis: the compound acts as the terminal electron-accepting unit that completes an acceptor–donor–acceptor structure, making it central to preparing modern organic photovoltaic acceptor molecules.
- Knoevenagel condensation end-capping: the active methylene group at position 2 reacts readily with aldehyde-functionalised donor cores, giving a dependable route to fully conjugated target molecules.
- Energy-level engineering of organic semiconductors: the carbonyl, nitrile, and fluorine groups together lower molecular orbital levels, letting researchers tune absorption onset and open-circuit voltage systematically.
- Near-infrared absorbing dye preparation: because the strong acceptor character shifts absorption to longer wavelengths, it suits synthesis of dyes and probes that must absorb beyond the visible region.
- Active-layer morphology studies: fluorine substitution strengthens intermolecular interactions, so the reagent is useful when preparing analogue series to compare film packing and blend morphology.
| Brand | TCI (Tokyo Chemical Industry) |
|---|---|
| CAS number | 2083617-82-5 |
| Molecular formula | — |
| Purity | — |
| Category | Chemistry > Building Blocks > Fluorinated Building Blocks |
| Pack sizes | available in research-scale packaging; please confirm the currently offered pack size when ordering |
| Physical form | — |
| Storage | keep in a tightly closed original container, protected from light and moisture |
- Chemical name: (5,6-Difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile
Store the material in its original tightly closed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place, protected from light, moisture, and incompatible reagents such as strong bases and strong oxidising agents. Amber glass or the manufacturer's supplied container is suitable; transfer under dry or inert conditions where the synthetic route requires it. Handle the solid in a fume hood using gloves, safety glasses, and a laboratory coat, and avoid generating dust or inhaling fine particles. Weigh and transfer with clean, dry spatulas to prevent contamination, keep containers clearly labelled, and dispose of residues and contaminated consumables as chemical waste according to institutional procedures. Always consult the manufacturer's safety data sheet before use.
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