2-(2-Thienylmethylene)indane-1,3-dione, also known as SA-4 or SA4 (CAS 24760-36-9), is a volatilizable solid additive for organic and polymer solar cells. Added to active layer blends, it promotes molecular packing and aggregation of acceptors, improving their absorption and charge transport. It serves as an alternative to the high-boiling-point solvent additives 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) and 1-chloronaphthalene (1-CN).
SA4 shows a clear weight loss at 140 °C, and volatilization speeds up at higher temperatures. After thermal annealing it can leave the active layer entirely, allowing non-fullerene acceptors to re-assemble their solid-state packing. Structurally, it consists of an indan-1,3-dione unit linked to a thiophene through a methylene bridge.
In reported devices, adding SA4 to PBDB-TCl:IT-4F raised PCE from 12.1% to 13.5%, while P3HT:ZY-4Cl devices exceeded 10% PCE compared with 9.46% without the additive. The material is supplied as a yellow powder or crystals with >98% purity (1HNMR) and dissolves in chloroform and chlorobenzene.
- Solid additive in active layer blends of non-fullerene polymer solar cells.
- Replacement for DIO and 1-CN solvent additives in organic photovoltaic processing.
- Enhancing pi-pi packing and aggregation of non-fullerene acceptors after thermal annealing.
- Efficiency improvement in P3HT-based organic solar cells.
| Brand | Ossila |
|---|---|
| CAS number | 24760-36-9 |
| Molecular formula | C14H8O2S |
| Purity | >98% (1HNMR) |
| Category | — |
| Pack sizes | 1 g, 5 g, 10 g, 25 g |
| Physical form | Yellow powder/crystals |
| Storage | — |
- Product code: M2352A1
- Full name: 2-(Thiophen-2-ylmethylene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione
- Molecular weight: 240.282 g/mol
- Solubility: Chloroform, chlorobenzene
- Synonyms: SA-4, PP4
- Classification: Solid additive, organic semiconducting materials, organic photovoltaics, polymer solar cells, NF-PSCs
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