Br-4PACz is a carbazole-based functional material bearing a phosphonic acid group at the end of its alkyl chain and a bromo substituent on the carbazole core. The compound is purpose-designed to form a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on transparent conductive oxide surfaces such as ITO, where it acts as an extremely thin hole transport layer in perovskite solar cells. In materials science and renewable energy laboratories, this material serves as a key component in the assembly of photovoltaic devices built on inverted or p-i-n architectures.
The defining advantage of this material lies in its phosphonic acid group, which binds strongly and selectively to metal oxide surfaces, forming a neatly ordered layer only a single molecule in height. A layer that thin minimizes series resistance while simultaneously aligning the energy levels between the electrode and the perovskite layer. The bromo substituent on the carbazole core modifies the electronic properties and surface energy of the molecule, which in turn influences the wetting behaviour of the perovskite precursor solution and the morphology of the film that forms above it.
Deposition is straightforward, requiring nothing more than immersion or spin coating, which makes the material practical for Indonesian laboratories working on perovskite photovoltaics without specialized vacuum deposition equipment. Research groups in materials science, electronic materials, and renewable energy programmes use it when building and comparing inverted device stacks, where a reproducible and ultrathin hole-selective contact is required at the transparent electrode interface.
- Inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cell fabrication, where the self-assembled monolayer provides the hole-selective contact directly on the ITO electrode without a thick transport layer.
- Hole transport layer deposition by immersion or spin coating, since the phosphonic acid anchoring group binds selectively to the oxide surface and requires no vacuum evaporation equipment.
- Interface energy level engineering studies, because the monolayer aligns the energy levels between the transparent conductive electrode and the perovskite absorber layer above it.
- Series resistance reduction experiments in photovoltaic device stacks, as the monolayer is only one molecule thick and therefore contributes minimal resistive loss to the device.
- Perovskite film morphology and wetting studies, where the bromo substituent modifies surface energy and thereby influences precursor solution spreading and the resulting film morphology.
| Brand | TCI |
|---|---|
| CAS number | 2996161-28-3 |
| Molecular formula | — |
| Purity | — |
| Category | Materials Science > Electronic Materials > Perovskite Solar Cell (PSC) Materials |
| Pack sizes | please refer to the packaging options listed on this product page |
| Physical form | — |
| Storage | store according to the conditions stated on the manufacturer label and the accompanying safety data sheet |
- Catalogue number: B6445
Store the material in its original tightly closed container, following the storage conditions specified on the manufacturer label and safety data sheet. Keep the container away from direct sunlight, moisture, and sources of heat, and return it promptly to storage after each use so that the solid is not exposed to ambient humidity longer than necessary. Handle in a well-ventilated area or a fume hood using standard personal protective equipment, including gloves, safety glasses, and a laboratory coat. Prepare solutions with clean, dry glassware to avoid contamination that could affect monolayer formation on the substrate. Consult the safety data sheet supplied with the product before handling and before disposal of any residues.
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