Manganese (Mn): Electron Configuration, Properties and Uses
Manganese (Mn): Electron Configuration, Properties and Uses
Electron configuration [Ar] 4s2 3d5 · group 7 · period 4 · Ar 54.938
Manganese data
- Atomic number
- 25
- Relative atomic mass
- 54.938
- Group
- 7
- Period
- 4
- Block
- d
- Category
- Transition metal
- Electron configuration
- [Ar] 4s2 3d5
- Full configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 13, 2 (K L M N)
- Valence electrons
- 7
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 1.55
- First ionisation energy
- 7.434 eV
- Atomic radius (van der Waals)
- 197 pm
- State at room temperature
- Solid
- Melting point
- 1246 °C
- Boiling point
- 2061 °C
- Density
- 7.3 g/cm³
- Common oxidation states
- +7, +4, +3, +2
- Discovered
- 1774
Source: PubChem (NIH, accessed 13 Nov 2026); atomic mass: IUPAC standard atomic weight.
Electron shell diagram
K 2 · L 8 · M 13 · N 2
Orbital diagram (outer electrons)
About manganese
With atomic number 25, manganese (Mn) has 25 protons in its nucleus and 25 electrons as a neutral atom. It is a transition metal in group 7, period 4, d-block. The element was discovered in 1774. Manganese is a solid at room temperature, melting at 1246 °C and boiling at 2061 °C.
Manganese electron configuration
The electron configuration of manganese is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5, or in short [Ar] 4s2 3d5. Its electrons occupy 4 shells: K = 2, L = 8, M = 13, N = 2. For transition metals, valence electrons are counted from the 4s and 3d subshells: 2 + 5 = 7, matching group 7. When it forms cations, electrons leave the outermost subshell first: Mn2+ = [Ar] 3d5; Mn3+ = [Ar] 3d4; Mn4+ = [Ar] 3d3.
Filling order: 1s2(2) → 2s2(4) → 2p6(10) → 3s2(12) → 3p6(18) → 4s2(20) → 3d5(25)
Uses of manganese
In industry and the laboratory, manganese turns up in many places, for example steelmaking, alkaline batteries, lithium battery cathodes (NMC and LMO) and potassium permanganate. For research and analysis you can browse manganese compounds in the AMI Scientific catalogue.
Safety
Bulk manganese has low toxicity. The main hazards are its dust and salts, so always check the SDS of the compound you use. Always read the safety data sheet (SDS) before working with a chemical.
Other elements in group 7
Frequently asked questions
What is the electron configuration of manganese?
The electron configuration of manganese (Mn, atomic number 25) is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5, or [Ar] 4s2 3d5 in short. By shell: 2, 8, 13, 2.
How many valence electrons does manganese have?
Manganese has 7 valence electrons.
Which group and period is manganese in?
Manganese is in group 7, period 4, d-block.
What is the atomic mass of manganese?
The relative atomic mass of manganese is 54.938. Use it to calculate molar mass with the molar mass calculator.
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