Periodic Table of Elements

Interactive table

The Periodic Table of Elements

All 118 elements with atomic number, symbol, relative atomic mass and category. Click an element for details, type a name or symbol to search, or click a category to highlight it.

57–7189–103lanthanidesactinides

What is the periodic table?

The periodic table arranges all chemical elements by atomic number (number of protons). Elements with similar properties sit in the same column. Dmitri Mendeleev published the first version in 1869, and since 2016 it has been complete up to element 118, oganesson.

How to read the periodic table

  • Periods are the rows (1–7); the period number is the number of electron shells.
  • Groups are the columns (1–18); elements in a group share valence electrons and behave alike.
  • The atomic number is above the symbol and the relative atomic mass below it, used to calculate molar mass.
  • Lanthanides (57–71) and actinides (89–103) sit below the main table to keep it narrow.

Main groups and their properties

Group Name Examples Properties
1 (IA) Alkali metals Li, Na, K very reactive, react vigorously with water
2 (IIA) Alkaline earth metals Mg, Ca, Ba reactive, form 2+ ions
3–12 (B) Transition metals Fe, Cu, Zn, Ag many oxidation states, coloured compounds, catalysts
13 (IIIA) Boron group B, Al form 3+ ions
14 (IVA) Carbon group C, Si, Sn, Pb from nonmetal to metal
15 (VA) Nitrogen group N, P, As fertilisers, semiconductors
16 (VIA) Oxygen group (chalcogens) O, S, Se form oxides and sulfides
17 (VIIA) Halogens F, Cl, Br, I very reactive, form salts
18 (VIIIA) Noble gases He, Ne, Ar stable, barely react

List of elements

Full list of 118 elements (number, symbol, name, atomic mass)
No. Symbol Name Atomic mass Category
1 H Hydrogen 1.008 Nonmetal
2 He Helium 4.003 Noble gas
3 Li Lithium 6.94 Alkali metal
4 Be Beryllium 9.012 Alkaline earth metal
5 B Boron 10.81 Metalloid
6 C Carbon 12.011 Nonmetal
7 N Nitrogen 14.007 Nonmetal
8 O Oxygen 15.999 Nonmetal
9 F Fluorine 18.998 Halogen
10 Ne Neon 20.18 Noble gas
11 Na Sodium 22.99 Alkali metal
12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 Alkaline earth metal
13 Al Aluminium 26.982 Post-transition metal
14 Si Silicon 28.085 Metalloid
15 P Phosphorus 30.974 Nonmetal
16 S Sulfur 32.065 Nonmetal
17 Cl Chlorine 35.45 Halogen
18 Ar Argon 39.948 Noble gas
19 K Potassium 39.098 Alkali metal
20 Ca Calcium 40.078 Alkaline earth metal
21 Sc Scandium 44.956 Transition metal
22 Ti Titanium 47.867 Transition metal
23 V Vanadium 50.942 Transition metal
24 Cr Chromium 51.996 Transition metal
25 Mn Manganese 54.938 Transition metal
26 Fe Iron 55.845 Transition metal
27 Co Cobalt 58.933 Transition metal
28 Ni Nickel 58.693 Transition metal
29 Cu Copper 63.546 Transition metal
30 Zn Zinc 65.38 Transition metal
31 Ga Gallium 69.723 Post-transition metal
32 Ge Germanium 72.63 Metalloid
33 As Arsenic 74.922 Metalloid
34 Se Selenium 78.971 Nonmetal
35 Br Bromine 79.904 Halogen
36 Kr Krypton 83.798 Noble gas
37 Rb Rubidium 85.468 Alkali metal
38 Sr Strontium 87.62 Alkaline earth metal
39 Y Yttrium 88.906 Transition metal
40 Zr Zirconium 91.224 Transition metal
41 Nb Niobium 92.906 Transition metal
42 Mo Molybdenum 95.95 Transition metal
43 Tc Technetium [98] Transition metal
44 Ru Ruthenium 101.07 Transition metal
45 Rh Rhodium 102.91 Transition metal
46 Pd Palladium 106.42 Transition metal
47 Ag Silver 107.87 Transition metal
48 Cd Cadmium 112.41 Transition metal
49 In Indium 114.82 Post-transition metal
50 Sn Tin 118.71 Post-transition metal
51 Sb Antimony 121.76 Metalloid
52 Te Tellurium 127.6 Metalloid
53 I Iodine 126.9 Halogen
54 Xe Xenon 131.29 Noble gas
55 Cs Caesium 132.91 Alkali metal
56 Ba Barium 137.33 Alkaline earth metal
57 La Lanthanum 138.91 Lanthanide
58 Ce Cerium 140.12 Lanthanide
59 Pr Praseodymium 140.91 Lanthanide
60 Nd Neodymium 144.24 Lanthanide
61 Pm Promethium [145] Lanthanide
62 Sm Samarium 150.36 Lanthanide
63 Eu Europium 151.96 Lanthanide
64 Gd Gadolinium 157.25 Lanthanide
65 Tb Terbium 158.93 Lanthanide
66 Dy Dysprosium 162.5 Lanthanide
67 Ho Holmium 164.93 Lanthanide
68 Er Erbium 167.26 Lanthanide
69 Tm Thulium 168.93 Lanthanide
70 Yb Ytterbium 173.05 Lanthanide
71 Lu Lutetium 174.97 Lanthanide
72 Hf Hafnium 178.49 Transition metal
73 Ta Tantalum 180.95 Transition metal
74 W Tungsten 183.84 Transition metal
75 Re Rhenium 186.21 Transition metal
76 Os Osmium 190.23 Transition metal
77 Ir Iridium 192.22 Transition metal
78 Pt Platinum 195.08 Transition metal
79 Au Gold 196.97 Transition metal
80 Hg Mercury 200.59 Transition metal
81 Tl Thallium 204.38 Post-transition metal
82 Pb Lead 207.2 Post-transition metal
83 Bi Bismuth 208.98 Post-transition metal
84 Po Polonium [209] Post-transition metal
85 At Astatine [210] Halogen
86 Rn Radon [222] Noble gas
87 Fr Francium [223] Alkali metal
88 Ra Radium [226] Alkaline earth metal
89 Ac Actinium [227] Actinide
90 Th Thorium 232.04 Actinide
91 Pa Protactinium 231.04 Actinide
92 U Uranium 238.03 Actinide
93 Np Neptunium [237] Actinide
94 Pu Plutonium [244] Actinide
95 Am Americium [243] Actinide
96 Cm Curium [247] Actinide
97 Bk Berkelium [247] Actinide
98 Cf Californium [251] Actinide
99 Es Einsteinium [252] Actinide
100 Fm Fermium [257] Actinide
101 Md Mendelevium [258] Actinide
102 No Nobelium [259] Actinide
103 Lr Lawrencium [266] Actinide
104 Rf Rutherfordium [267] Transition metal
105 Db Dubnium [268] Transition metal
106 Sg Seaborgium [269] Transition metal
107 Bh Bohrium [270] Transition metal
108 Hs Hassium [269] Transition metal
109 Mt Meitnerium [278] Transition metal
110 Ds Darmstadtium [281] Transition metal
111 Rg Roentgenium [282] Transition metal
112 Cn Copernicium [285] Transition metal
113 Nh Nihonium [286] Post-transition metal
114 Fl Flerovium [289] Post-transition metal
115 Mc Moscovium [290] Post-transition metal
116 Lv Livermorium [293] Post-transition metal
117 Ts Tennessine [294] Halogen
118 Og Oganesson [294] Noble gas

Frequently asked questions

How many elements are there?

118. Elements 1–94 occur in nature; the rest were made in laboratories. The last four were named in 2016: nihonium, moscovium, tennessine and oganesson.

What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass?

Atomic number is the number of protons and defines the element. Relative atomic mass is the average isotopic mass relative to 1/12 of C-12.

Why are some masses in square brackets?

Those elements have no stable isotope, so the mass number of the longest-lived isotope is given, e.g. technetium [98].

How do I calculate molar mass from the table?

Add up the atomic masses of all atoms in the formula, or use the molar mass calculator.

Prepare solutions with analytical-grade reagents

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