Titanium (Ti): Electron Configuration, Properties and Uses
Titanium (Ti): Electron Configuration, Properties and Uses
Electron configuration [Ar] 4s2 3d2 · group 4 · period 4 · Ar 47.867
Titanium data
- Atomic number
- 22
- Relative atomic mass
- 47.867
- Group
- 4
- Period
- 4
- Block
- d
- Category
- Transition metal
- Electron configuration
- [Ar] 4s2 3d2
- Full configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 10, 2 (K L M N)
- Valence electrons
- 4
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 1.54
- First ionisation energy
- 6.828 eV
- Atomic radius (van der Waals)
- 187 pm
- State at room temperature
- Solid
- Melting point
- 1668 °C
- Boiling point
- 3287 °C
- Density
- 4.5 g/cm³
- Common oxidation states
- +4, +3, +2
- Discovered
- 1791
Source: PubChem (NIH, accessed 13 Nov 2026); atomic mass: IUPAC standard atomic weight.
Electron shell diagram
K 2 · L 8 · M 10 · N 2
Orbital diagram (outer electrons)
About titanium
With atomic number 22, titanium (Ti) has 22 protons in its nucleus and 22 electrons as a neutral atom. It is a transition metal in group 4, period 4, d-block. Titanium was first discovered in 1791. Titanium is a solid at room temperature, melting at 1668 °C and boiling at 3287 °C.
Titanium electron configuration
The electron configuration of titanium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2, or in short [Ar] 4s2 3d2. Its electrons occupy 4 shells: K = 2, L = 8, M = 10, N = 2. For transition metals, valence electrons are counted from the 4s and 3d subshells: 2 + 2 = 4, matching group 4. When it forms cations, electrons leave the outermost subshell first: Ti2+ = [Ar] 3d2; Ti3+ = [Ar] 3d1; Ti4+ = [Ar] (like argon).
Filling order: 1s2(2) → 2s2(4) → 2p6(10) → 3s2(12) → 3p6(18) → 4s2(20) → 3d2(22)
Uses of titanium
In industry and the laboratory, titanium turns up in many places, for example medical implants, aerospace alloys, titanium dioxide white pigment for paint and sunscreen, and photocatalysts. For research and analysis you can browse titanium compounds in the AMI Scientific catalogue.
Safety
Bulk titanium has low toxicity. The main hazards are its dust and salts, so always check the SDS of the compound you use. Always read the safety data sheet (SDS) before working with a chemical.
Other elements in group 4
Frequently asked questions
What is the electron configuration of titanium?
The electron configuration of titanium (Ti, atomic number 22) is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2, or [Ar] 4s2 3d2 in short. By shell: 2, 8, 10, 2.
How many valence electrons does titanium have?
Titanium has 4 valence electrons.
Which group and period is titanium in?
Titanium is in group 4, period 4, d-block.
What is the atomic mass of titanium?
The relative atomic mass of titanium is 47.867. Use it to calculate molar mass with the molar mass calculator.
Need titanium compounds for your lab?
AMI Scientific is one of the official TCI distributors in Indonesia. Reagents with lot CoA & SDS, formal quotations and tax invoices for universities and laboratories.
Other formulas & calculators: molarity, mole, molality, normality, dilution, titration, pH, buffer, molar mass, ppm, mole fraction, mass percent, periodic table, chemical MSDS.
