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Description
Bis(1,10-phenanthroline)palladium(II) bis(hexafluorophosphate) is an organometallic complex based on palladium that plays an important role as a catalyst in a wide range of chemical transformation reactions, particularly the activation of C–H bonds. The compound enables the direct cleavage and functionalization of C–H bonds in organic substrates without the need for lengthy pre-functionalization steps, making it a trusted tool in modern synthetic chemistry. In the laboratory, this complex is valued as a selective and efficient catalyst platform for building molecular complexity from simple hydrocarbon frameworks.
The presence of the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand provides a stable coordination environment for the palladium(II) metal center, while the hexafluorophosphate anion is non-coordinating, which keeps the catalytic active site open for substrate binding. In laboratory practice, this material is typically used in small quantities, from milligram to gram scale, for cross-coupling reactions, selective functionalization, and catalytic mechanism studies that demand high selectivity. The main advantage of this complex lies in the structural stability derived from the rigid, planar phenanthroline ligand, which ensures that the palladium center remains efficiently coordinated throughout the catalytic cycle. The compound is also known to be relatively air-stable compared with several other palladium species.
In Indonesian laboratories, this catalyst is commonly applied in academic research institutions, university chemistry departments, and industrial R&D facilities where C–H functionalization and cross-coupling chemistry are being explored. Researchers use it in small-scale reactions, from exploratory milligram amounts up to gram-level preparative runs, whenever a robust and reproducible palladium catalyst is required. It is especially useful in projects focused on the synthesis of fine chemicals, pharmaceutical intermediates, and complex organic molecules, as well as in studies that aim to understand the mechanistic pathways of palladium-catalyzed transformations.
Laboratory Applications
- C–H Activation Catalysis: This complex promotes direct cleavage and functionalization of C–H bonds, allowing organic substrates to be transformed without lengthy pre-functionalization steps and thereby significantly shortening synthetic routes.
- Cross-Coupling Reactions: Its stable palladium(II) center and open catalytic active site make it a dependable catalyst for coupling transformations that require controlled reactivity and good functional group tolerance.
- Selective Functionalization: The rigid, planar phenanthroline ligand provides a well-defined coordination sphere, supporting highly selective reactions where precise control over the reaction outcome is essential.
- Catalytic Mechanism Studies: The stable, air-tolerant nature of this complex makes it a convenient model catalyst for investigating the reaction pathways and intermediate species involved in palladium-catalyzed processes.
- Small-Scale Synthetic Chemistry: Its reliable performance and ease of handling allow researchers to use milligram to gram quantities in method development, reaction screening, and preparative organic synthesis in the laboratory.
Specifications
- Brand: TCI
- CAS number: 113173-22-1
- Category: Chemistry > Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry > C–H Activation [Catalysis]
- Pack sizes: typically supplied in small quantities, from milligram to gram scale
- Physical form: as indicated on the TCI product label
- Storage note: keep the container tightly closed and store in a cool, dry place
Handling and Storage
Store the product in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, protected from direct sunlight, heat, and excessive humidity. Keep it away from incompatible materials and close the container immediately after each use to prevent contamination and moisture uptake. When handling, wear appropriate personal protective equipment such as laboratory gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat, and work in a fume hood or well-ventilated area to minimize exposure to dust or vapors. Avoid inhalation and skin or eye contact, wash hands thoroughly after handling, and follow standard good laboratory practice at all times.
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