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Description
4-Ethylmorpholine with CAS number 100-74-3 is a cyclic tertiary amine belonging to the morpholine family, built around a six-membered ring that contains one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom. This combination of two heteroatoms gives the molecule an interesting blend of properties: the nitrogen supplies basic character, while the ether oxygen lowers the overall basicity and improves solubility in polar solvents. In the laboratory, the compound is widely used as an organic base and catalyst, particularly in reactions that call for a weak but still effective base capable of scavenging the acid generated as the process proceeds.
The properties that make 4-Ethylmorpholine such a frequent choice are its moderate basicity together with steric hindrance that is not excessive, allowing the compound to act as a base without readily behaving as a nucleophile that would interfere with the main reaction pathway. This character is highly valued in peptide synthesis and in acylation reactions, where selecting the wrong base can trigger racemisation or unwanted side reactions. Its liquid form pours easily and dissolves well in many organic solvents as well as in water, so preparing reaction mixtures becomes straightforward and can be repeated consistently from one operator to the next.
In Indonesian laboratories, 4-Ethylmorpholine is typically found in synthetic organic chemistry benches, in pharmaceutical and fine chemical research groups, and in university teaching and research facilities where heterocyclic building blocks are handled routinely. Because it functions as a general-purpose acid scavenger and mild base, it tends to be kept as a standing item on the reagent shelf rather than ordered only for a single project, supporting method development, small-scale synthesis, and student practical work alike.
Laboratory Applications
Peptide coupling reactions — its moderate basicity deprotonates and neutralises acid by-products without promoting the racemisation that stronger bases commonly cause at the activated chiral centre.
Acylation and sulfonylation procedures — the compound scavenges hydrogen halide released during the reaction, keeping the medium from turning acidic and stalling conversion of the substrate.
General acid scavenging in organic synthesis — its liquid form and broad solvent compatibility let it be dosed accurately into reaction mixtures without the handling difficulties associated with solid bases.
Catalysis in polyurethane and related chemistry — as a tertiary amine it can promote reactions requiring nitrogen lone-pair donation while its ether oxygen moderates the overall reactivity profile.
Heterocyclic building block for further synthesis — the morpholine ring is a recurring motif in pharmaceutical intermediates, making this material a convenient starting point for constructing more elaborate molecules.
Specifications
Brand: TCI
CAS number: 100-74-3
Catalogue code: E0145
Category: Chemistry > Building Blocks > Heterocyclic Building Blocks
Physical form: liquid, soluble in water and in many organic solvents
Pack sizes: available in the standard research pack sizes offered for this catalogue item; please confirm the size required when ordering
Storage: keep in a tightly closed container in a cool, well-ventilated place
Handling and Storage
Store 4-Ethylmorpholine in its original tightly closed container, kept upright in a cool, dry and well-ventilated area away from heat sources, open flames and direct sunlight. Keep it separated from strong acids and strong oxidising agents. As an amine liquid, it should be handled inside a fume hood to limit exposure to vapour, with nitrile gloves, safety goggles and a laboratory coat worn as standard. Transfer using clean, dry glassware and reseal the container immediately after use to prevent moisture uptake and vapour escape. Provide an eyewash station and spill absorbent nearby, and dispose of residues as chemical waste according to your institution's procedures. Always consult the manufacturer's safety data sheet before first use.
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