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Description
Geranyl Formate is an ester formed from geraniol, a monoterpene alcohol, and formic acid. The compound belongs to the terpenoid group and occurs naturally in the essential oils of a wide range of aromatic plants, where it is widely recognised for its fresh rose-floral aroma carrying fruity nuances. In the laboratory, geranyl formate serves as an analytical standard for the identification of essential oil components, as a reference material in flavour and fragrance research, and as a test compound in studies of the biological activity of terpenoids. Its availability as a single reagent-grade compound is a considerable help to researchers who must confirm the identity of chromatogram peaks obtained from essential oil samples that are naturally very complex mixtures.
The properties that make this material a preferred choice begin with its physical state: it is a liquid at room temperature with a volatility well suited to gas chromatographic analysis. It dissolves readily in ethanol and other organic solvents while showing low solubility in water, which allows straightforward preparation of stock and working solutions in the solvent systems normally used for essential oil work. Its aroma character is distinctive and easily recognised, an advantage in sensory and organoleptic comparison. As a terpenoid ester, the compound is relatively prone to hydrolysis under strongly acidic or strongly basic conditions — a behaviour that is itself exploited in studies of flavour stability — and its isoprene-based chain structure is representative of the wider terpenoid family.
In Indonesian laboratories, geranyl formate is typically used wherever essential oils are analysed or developed. Indonesia's essential oil sector generates a steady demand for authentic single-component reference substances, and university chemistry and pharmacy departments, government research institutes, and quality control laboratories in the flavour, fragrance, and cosmetics industries all rely on such standards. The compound is commonly employed alongside gas chromatography instrumentation for peak confirmation and for the routine verification of oil composition.
Laboratory Applications
- Gas chromatography reference standard — the compound's suitable volatility and single-component reagent purity allow analysts to confirm retention times and identify geranyl formate peaks within complex essential oil chromatograms.
- Essential oil component identification — as an authentic reference substance it provides a reliable comparison point when characterising the terpenoid profile of oils extracted from aromatic plant material.
- Flavour and fragrance research — its distinctive fresh rose-floral aroma with fruity nuances makes it a standard reference odourant for formulation development and sensory evaluation studies in applied research.
- Flavour stability studies — the relative ease with which this terpenoid ester hydrolyses under strongly acidic or basic conditions makes it a useful model compound for investigating ester degradation in flavour systems.
- Terpenoid bioactivity screening — supplied as a defined single compound, it serves as a test substance in investigations of the biological activity associated with the terpenoid class of natural products.
Specifications
- Brand: TCI
- CAS Number: 105-86-2
- Catalogue Number: G0218
- Category: Life Science > Biochemicals and Reagents > Terpenes
- Physical form: liquid at room temperature; soluble in ethanol and other organic solvents, low solubility in water
- Pack sizes: available in the pack sizes listed by the manufacturer for this catalogue number; please enquire for current options
- Storage: keep in a tightly closed container in a cool, well-ventilated place away from light and heat
Handling and Storage
Store geranyl formate in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, protected from direct sunlight, heat, and ignition sources. Amber glass bottles with chemically resistant closures are appropriate, since the material is a volatile liquid and light exposure should be minimised. Keep the container sealed when not in use to limit evaporation and moisture ingress, and avoid contact with strong acids and strong bases, which promote hydrolysis of the ester. Handle in a fume hood, wear safety goggles, gloves, and a laboratory coat, and avoid inhalation of vapours or contact with skin and eyes. Allow refrigerated material to reach room temperature before opening to prevent condensation. Always consult the manufacturer's safety data sheet before use.
