1,2-Phenylenediamine from TCI, also known as o-phenylenediamine, is an aromatic diamine with two amino groups on neighbouring positions of a benzene ring. It is one of the most important non-heterocyclic building blocks in organic chemistry because it is a main starting point for making many nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Researchers use it to prepare benzimidazoles, quinoxalines and benzodiazepines. It also serves as a derivatisation reagent in the analysis of α-dicarbonyl compounds and as a chromogenic substrate in many peroxidase-based enzymatic assays.
Chemists choose this compound mainly because its two amino groups sit in the ortho position. This arrangement lets it react with carboxylic acids, aldehydes or 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds and close a heterocyclic ring in a single step, which makes synthetic routes shorter and more efficient. Its two nitrogen atoms can also bind metals as a bidentate ligand, so it is useful in coordination chemistry. The compound is sensitive to oxidation and easily changes colour when exposed to air and light. ELISA work makes use of this same behaviour, because oxidation gives a coloured product that can be measured by spectrophotometry.
In Indonesia, 1,2-Phenylenediamine is widely used in organic chemistry laboratories at universities, research institutes and industrial R&D facilities. Synthetic chemists use it to build heterocyclic scaffolds for pharmaceutical and materials research. Analytical laboratories use it to derivatise dicarbonyl compounds before chromatographic analysis. Biochemistry and diagnostic laboratories use it as a chromogenic substrate in peroxidase-based immunoassays. Because the material comes from TCI, laboratories get a consistent, well-documented reagent that supports work they can reproduce from one batch to the next.
TCI brochures (PDF)
- Ligands 2025-12-01 · p. 10
- Benzimidazole synthesis: the ortho-diamine reacts with carboxylic acids or aldehydes and closes the benzimidazole ring in one step, which makes it a standard precursor for this class of heterocycles.
- Quinoxaline preparation: condensation with 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds gives quinoxaline frameworks directly, so it is the usual starting material for building these nitrogen heterocycles in medicinal and materials chemistry.
- Benzodiazepine scaffolds: its two neighbouring amino groups provide the nitrogen atoms needed to build the seven-membered diazepine ring found in this important family of pharmacologically relevant compounds.
- Derivatisation of α-dicarbonyl compounds: it reacts selectively with α-dicarbonyl groups to form stable quinoxaline derivatives, which makes these analytes much easier to detect and measure in chromatographic methods.
- Chromogenic substrate in peroxidase-based assays and ELISA: peroxidase-driven oxidation gives a coloured product that can be measured by spectrophotometry, so it gives a dependable visual and quantitative signal in enzyme assays.
| Brand | TCI (product code P0168) |
|---|---|
| CAS number | 95-54-5 |
| Molecular formula | — |
| Purity | — |
| Category | Chemistry > Building Blocks > Non-Heterocyclic Building Blocks |
| Pack sizes | several pack sizes are available; see the product listing for current options |
| Physical form | solid aromatic diamine (o-phenylenediamine) |
| Storage | sensitive to air and light; keep in a tightly closed container away from light |
1,2-Phenylenediamine is sensitive to oxidation and discolours when exposed to air and light. Store it in a tightly closed, light-resistant container in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place, away from oxidising agents. Ideally, keep it under an inert atmosphere once the container is opened. Follow the storage conditions on the TCI label and safety data sheet. Handle the material in a fume hood and wear suitable gloves, safety glasses and a laboratory coat. Avoid breathing in dust and avoid contact with skin. Close containers promptly after each use, and dispose of waste according to local regulations and institutional laboratory safety procedures.
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