Lab Unit Converter: Temperature, Pressure, Volume, Mass and Energy
Unit Converter for the Lab: Temperature, Pressure, Volume, Mass & Energy
Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius, Celsius to kelvin, atm to pascal, bar to psi, litres to mL and % to ppm. Choose a quantity, enter the number and every other unit appears at once.
Temperature: Celsius, Fahrenheit, kelvin, Réaumur
The scales relate as C : Ré : (F − 32) : (K − 273) = 5 : 4 : 9 : 5. Laboratories and SI use kelvin and Celsius; Réaumur still appears in Indonesian school physics.
| From → to | Formula |
|---|---|
| Fahrenheit to Celsius | °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 |
| Celsius to Fahrenheit | °F = °C × 9/5 + 32 |
| Celsius to kelvin | K = °C + 273.15 |
| Kelvin to Celsius | °C = K − 273.15 |
| Celsius to Réaumur | °Ré = °C × 4/5 |
| Reference point | °C | °F | K | °Ré |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absolute zero | -273.15 | -459.67 | 0 | -218.52 |
| Celsius = Fahrenheit | -40 | -40 | 233.15 | -32 |
| Water freezes | 0 | 32 | 273.15 | 0 |
| Lab room temperature | 20 | 68 | 293.15 | 16 |
| Warm room | 27 | 80.6 | 300.15 | 21.6 |
| Normal body temperature | 37 | 98.6 | 310.15 | 29.6 |
| Water boils (1 atm) | 100 | 212 | 373.15 | 80 |
| Autoclave | 121 | 249.8 | 394.15 | 96.8 |
Example: 100 °C in other scales
Water boils at 100 °C at 1 atm. What is that in the other scales?
- °F = 100 × 9/5 + 32 = 212 °F
- K = 100 + 273.15 = 373.15 K
- °Ré = 100 × 4/5 = 80 °Ré
Answer: 212 °F = 373.15 K = 80 °Ré.
Pressure units
The SI unit is the pascal (1 Pa = 1 N/m²). Labs also use atm, bar, mmHg or torr and psi.
| From | Equals |
|---|---|
| 1 atm | 101,325 Pa (pascal) |
| 1 atm | 101.325 kPa |
| 1 atm | 0.101325 MPa |
| 1 atm | 1.01325 bar |
| 1 atm | 1,013.25 mbar = hPa |
| 1 atm | 760 mmHg |
| 1 atm | 760 torr |
| 1 atm | 76 cmHg |
| 1 atm | 14.6959 psi (lbf/in²) |
| 1 atm | 1.03323 kgf/cm² (at) |
Volume units
| From | Equals |
|---|---|
| 1 L (litre) | 0.001 m³ |
| 1 L (litre) | 1 dm³ |
| 1 L (litre) | 1,000 mL |
| 1 L (litre) | 1,000 cm³ (cc) |
| 1 L (litre) | 1,000,000 µL |
| 1 L (litre) | 0.264172 US gallon |
| 1 L (litre) | 0.219969 UK gallon |
Mass units
| From | Equals |
|---|---|
| 1 kg | 0.001 tonne |
| 1 kg | 0.01 quintal |
| 1 kg | 10 ons (Indonesian, 100 g) |
| 1 kg | 1,000 g |
| 1 kg | 1,000,000 mg |
| 1 kg | 1 × 109 µg |
| 1 kg | 2.20462 pound (lb) |
| 1 kg | 35.274 ounce (oz) |
Concentration units
% ↔ ppm ↔ ppb conversions here assume a dilute aqueous solution (ρ ≈ 1 g/mL). For ppm to molarity you need the molar mass: see the ppm formula.
| From | Equals |
|---|---|
| 1 % (w/v) | 10 g/L |
| 1 % (w/v) | 10 mg/mL |
| 1 % (w/v) | 10,000 ppm = mg/L |
| 1 % (w/v) | 10,000 µg/mL |
| 1 % (w/v) | 10,000,000 ppb = µg/L |
Energy units
| From | Equals |
|---|---|
| 1 kWh | 3,600,000 J (joule) |
| 1 kWh | 3,600 kJ |
| 1 kWh | 3.6 MJ |
| 1 kWh | 860,421 cal |
| 1 kWh | 860.421 kcal (Calorie) |
| 1 kWh | 1,000 Wh |
| 1 kWh | 3,412.14 BTU |
| 1 kWh | 2.24694 × 1025 eV |
Other converters
Per-substance litres to kg: density calculator. Centrifuge speed: rpm to RCF (×g). Solutions: chemistry calculator.
Measuring instruments at AMI Scientific
Frequently asked questions
How do I convert Fahrenheit to Celsius?
Subtract 32 and multiply by 5/9: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Example: 98.6 °F = 37 °C.
How many pascals is 1 atm?
1 atm = 101,325 Pa = 101.325 kPa = 1.01325 bar = 760 mmHg ≈ 14.7 psi.
How many psi is 1 bar?
1 bar = 14.504 psi and 1 psi = 0.06895 bar.
Can kelvin be negative?
No. 0 K is absolute zero (−273.15 °C), the lowest possible temperature.
What is an ons?
In Indonesia 1 ons = 100 g. The imperial ounce (oz) is 28.35 g.
Is 1 mL the same as 1 cc?
Yes. 1 mL = 1 cm³ = 1 cc, so 1 L = 1000 cm³ = 1 dm³.
Laboratory supplies in one place
Thermometers, glassware, balances and TCI reagents are available at AMI Scientific with formal quotations, tax invoices, and CoA and SDS for reagents.
Other calculators & formulas: density & mL to grams, rpm to RCF (×g), molarity, concentrated acid molarity, dilution, ppm, molar mass, periodic table, chemistry calculator, chemical MSDS.
