TCI M2103 1-Methyl-1-[4-(diphenylphosphino)benzyl]pyrrolidinium Bromide is a phosphine ligand that carries an ionic tag in the form of a quaternary pyrrolidinium group at the para position of the benzyl ring. This design combines the coordinating ability of classical triphenylphosphine with a permanent positive charge that dramatically alters the solubility behaviour of the ligand. In transition metal catalysis laboratories, the compound is used to form palladium complexes that can operate in aqueous media or ionic liquids, so cross-coupling reactions can be carried out without depending entirely on anhydrous organic solvents.
The property that makes this ligand attractive is the dual function built into its structure. The phosphorus atom donates its lone pair to stabilise the metal centre during the oxidative addition and reductive elimination steps, while the quaternary ammonium group provides solubility in water and polar phases. As a result, the catalyst can be separated from the organic product through simple phase extraction and has the potential to be reused, which suppresses palladium loss and at the same time reduces metal contamination in the final product. The arylphosphine framework also gives electronic characteristics similar to triphenylphosphine, so reaction conditions remain within familiar territory for users already working with standard phosphine systems.
In Indonesian laboratories, this ligand is typically encountered in university and institutional research groups working on synthetic methodology, where reducing reliance on strictly anhydrous organic solvents is a practical advantage. It supports work in catalysis laboratories developing C-C bond formation routes, in groups exploring recoverable catalyst systems, and in postgraduate research where palladium economy and cleaner product isolation matter as much as the yield of the coupling step itself.
TCI brochures (PDF)
- Ligands 2025-12-01 · p. 6
- Suzuki-Miyaura Cross Coupling Reaction 2025-12-01 · p. 25
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- Palladium-catalysed cross-coupling in aqueous media: the ionic pyrrolidinium tag confers water solubility on the ligand and its palladium complex, allowing C-C bond formation to proceed in aqueous or partly aqueous systems.
- Catalysis in ionic liquid phases: the permanent cationic charge makes the ligand compatible with ionic liquid reaction media, keeping the active palladium species retained in the ionic phase during the reaction.
- Catalyst recovery by phase separation: the contrasting solubility of the charged ligand and the neutral organic product allows the catalyst to be separated by simple phase extraction after the reaction is complete.
- Reduction of palladium contamination in products: because the catalyst partitions into the polar phase, less residual palladium carries through into the isolated organic product, supporting cleaner downstream purification.
- Methodology development for recyclable catalyst systems: research groups use this ligand to build palladium complexes with reuse potential, studying how many cycles a tagged catalyst system can sustain.
| Brand | TCI (Tokyo Chemical Industry) |
|---|---|
| CAS number | 1229444-44-3 |
| Molecular formula | — |
| Purity | — |
| Category | Chemistry > Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry > Cross-coupling Reaction using Transition Metal Catalysts [C-C Bond Formation] |
| Pack sizes | available in standard TCI research-scale packaging; please confirm the currently listed size when ordering |
| Physical form | — |
| Storage | keep in a tightly closed container, protected from air and moisture, as specified on the manufacturer label |
- Product code: M2103
Store the container tightly closed in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place away from oxidising agents and sources of ignition. As with other phosphine ligands, contact with air should be minimised; handling and weighing under an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon, and storing under inert gas, help preserve the integrity of the trivalent phosphorus centre. Use the original manufacturer container or a tightly sealed amber glass vessel, and keep the material clearly labelled. Handle in a fume hood using safety glasses, chemical-resistant gloves, and a laboratory coat. Always consult the manufacturer safety data sheet before use, and follow institutional procedures for chemical waste disposal.
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Product Categories
- Catalysis and Inorganic ChemistryCross-coupling Reaction using Transition Metal Catalysts [C-C Bond Formation]Phosphine Ligands [Cross-coupling Reaction using Transition Metal Catalysts]
- Catalysis and Inorganic ChemistryPhosphorous Compounds [Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry]Monodentate Phosphine Ligands, Phosphine Oxide Ligands [Catalysis]
- Synthetic ReagentsC-C Bond Formation [Synthetic Reagents]Cross-coupling Reaction using Transition Metal Catalysts [C-C Bond Formation]
![1229444-44-3 1-Methyl-1-[4-(diphenylphosphino)benzyl]pyrrolidinium Bromide - AMI Scientific](http://amiscientific.com/cdn/shop/files/TCI2510M2103.jpg?v=1767126064&width=1445)