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Description
Cesium Fluoride is an inorganic salt that pairs the large cesium cation with the fluoride anion, producing one of the most reactive sources of fluoride available for organic synthesis. In the laboratory it serves as a nucleophilic fluorination reagent, as a mild yet effective base in a range of coupling reactions, and as a reagent for cleaving silyl protecting groups. Its role is significant in medicinal chemistry and materials chemistry, because introducing fluorine atoms into a molecule can alter the electronic properties, solubility, and metabolic stability of the target compound.
The property that sets this material apart is the combination of relatively good solubility in aprotic organic solvents with "naked fluoride" behaviour arising from loose ion pairing. Because the cesium cation is large and soft, the ionic bond to fluoride is weakened, so the fluoride anion is freer to attack the substrate and delivers higher reaction rates than the lighter alkali metal fluorides. Cesium fluoride also acts as a base strong enough to activate boron and silicon reagents, yet soft enough to leave sensitive functional groups intact. It is strongly hygroscopic, which must be taken into account in every handling step.
In Indonesian laboratories this reagent is typically used in university and institutional organic synthesis groups, in medicinal chemistry work where fluorinated analogues are prepared, and in materials chemistry research. Because the local climate carries high ambient humidity throughout the year, working practice usually centres on keeping the container tightly closed, minimising exposure to open air, and weighing quickly so the reagent retains its reactivity between uses.
Laboratory Applications
Nucleophilic fluorination — the loose ion pairing releases a comparatively free fluoride anion, giving faster substitution of leaving groups than lighter alkali metal fluorides can achieve.
Removal of silyl protecting groups — the strong affinity of fluoride for silicon cleaves silyl ethers cleanly, making it a standard deprotection reagent in multi-step synthetic sequences.
Base for coupling reactions — it is basic enough to activate boron reagents in cross-coupling chemistry while remaining soft enough not to destroy sensitive functional groups.
Medicinal chemistry synthesis — introducing fluorine into candidate molecules modifies electronic properties, solubility, and metabolic stability, all of which matter when preparing and comparing drug analogues.
Materials chemistry research — fluorine incorporation changes the electronic character and stability of target compounds, supporting the preparation of fluorinated materials in research laboratories.
Specifications
Brand: TCI
Product code: C2204
CAS number: 13400-13-0
Category: Chemistry > Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry > Main-group Elements [Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry]
Pack sizes: available in the catalogue pack sizes offered by TCI for this product code
Storage note: strongly hygroscopic; keep the container tightly closed and protected from moisture
Handling and Storage
Store cesium fluoride in a tightly closed original container in a dry place, away from moisture, since the material is strongly hygroscopic and readily takes up water from the surrounding air. Containers that seal well, and ideally storage inside a desiccator, help preserve reactivity between uses. Weigh and transfer quickly to limit exposure to open air, preferably in a fume hood, and use appropriate gloves, eye protection, and a laboratory coat. Keep the container clearly labelled, avoid contamination of the bulk material, and follow the safety data sheet supplied with the product for detailed handling and disposal guidance.
